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Cells and batteries provide an electrical current which always flows around the circuit in the same direct.For inductors in ac circuits, we find that when a sinusoidal voltage is applied to an inductor, the voltage leads the current by one-fourth of a cycle. In a simple circuit, the current is found by dividing the voltage by the resistance.What happens when an alternating current is applied to a capacitor? Capacitors behave differently than resistors, where resistors allow a flow of electrons through them directly proportional to the voltage drop, and capacitors oppose changes in voltage by drawing or supplying current as they charge or discharge to the new voltage level.Alternating Current (AC). The voltage source of an ac system puts out a voltage that is calculated from the time, the peak voltage, and the angular frequency. Alternating current (ac) refers to systems in which the source voltage varies periodically, particularly sinusoidally.

A current will flow through the circuit, first in one direction, then in the other. As the supply voltage increases and decreases, the capacitor charges and discharges with respect to this change. The capacitor is connected directly across the AC supply voltage.